DISORDERS
Amblyopia
Amblyopia, also known as “lazy eye,” is a condition where one eye does not develop normal vision, often because the brain favors the other eye. It usually begins in childhood and can be caused by conditions like crossed eyes (strabismus), a large difference in vision between the two eyes, or a blockage in the eye, such as a cataract.
Common symptoms:
● Squinting or tilting the head to see better
● Difficulty seeing clearly with one eye
● Eyes that appear to be misaligned (crossed or wandering)
● Poor depth perception
● Vision problems that don’t improve with glasses or contact lenses
Treatment is most effective when started early and can include wearing glasses,
patching the stronger eye to strengthen the weaker one and most effectively by vision
therapy, in some cases surgery. If you notice any of these signs, it’s important to have an
eye exam by an eye care professional to catch and treat amblyopia as early as possible.
Vergence abnormalities
Vergence abnormalities occur when the eyes have difficulty working together to focus on objects at different distances. This can lead to problems with depth perception, eye strain, and blurry vision, especially when reading or focusing on something close up for along time.
Common Symptoms:
● Eye strain or fatigue, especially when reading or using a computer
● Blurry or double vision
● Headaches
● Difficulty focusing on nearby objects
● Frequent need to squint or close one eye to see better
Vergence issues can often be treated with eye exercises, corrective lenses, or other
vision therapy. If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to see an eye care
professional who can help diagnose and treat the condition to improve your vision and
comfort.
Accommodative abnormalities
Accommodative abnormalities occur when our eyes have trouble focusing on objects at different distances, especially when switching between looking at something far away and something up close. This can be due to a problem with the eye’s focusing ability, often related to age or certain health conditions.
Common Symptoms:
● Blurry vision when reading or doing close-up work
● Difficulty switching focus between near and distant objects
● Eye strain or fatigue, especially after reading for a while
● Headaches after reading or working on a computer
● Frequent need to squint to see clearly
Accommodative problems can be treated with corrective glasses, eye exercises, or other therapies. If you experience these symptoms, seeing eye care professional is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Myopia & its management
Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is a condition where you can see objects up close clearly, but distant objects appear blurry. This happens when the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too curved, causing light to focus in front of the retina instead of directly on it.
Common Symptoms:
● Blurry vision for distant objects (e.g., road signs, movies)
● Squinting to see clearly
● Eye strain, especially after reading or using screens for long periods
● Frequent headaches
Special Management for Myopia:
1. Eyeglasses or Contact Lenses: These are the most common treatments, helping to
focus light properly on the retina and improving distant vision.
2. Orthokeratology (Ortho-K): Special contact lenses are worn overnight to reshape the
cornea temporarily, improving vision during the day without the need for glasses or
contacts.
3. Refractive Surgery (LASIK or PRK): These surgical procedures reshape the cornea
permanently to correct myopia and reduce or eliminate the need for glasses or contact
lenses.
4. Atropine Eye Drops: Low-dose atropine drops can sometimes be prescribed to slow
the progression of myopia, particularly in children.
5. Myopia Control Lenses: Special types of glasses or contact lenses are designed to
slow myopia progression, particularly in children, by reducing the strain on the eyes.
If you experience any of these symptoms, it’s important to see an eye care professional.
Proper management can help improve vision and, in some cases, slow the progression
of myopia
Computer vision syndrome
Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is a condition caused by spending long hours in front of a computer, smartphone, or other digital screens. It can lead to eye strain and discomfort due to focusing on the screen for extended periods without proper breaks or adjustments.
Common Symptoms:
● Eye strain or fatigue
● Dry or itchy eyes
● Blurry or double vision
● Headaches, especially after long screen time
● Difficulty focusing on nearby objects
● Neck, shoulder, or back pain from poor posture
Management:
Take Frequent Breaks: Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20-second break and look at something 20 feet away.
Adjust Screen Settings: Increase text size, reduce screen brightness, and ensure proper contrast for comfort.
Proper Lighting: Reduce glare on screens by using ambient lighting and adjusting your workspace.
Use Computer Glasses: Special glasses designed to reduce eye strain when working
with digital devices.
Maintain Good Posture: Sit with your back straight, shoulders relaxed, and your screen at eye level.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of CVS, consulting an eye care professional can help
identify solutions and improve your comfort during screen use.
Color Blindness
Color blindness, also known as color vision deficiency, is a condition where you have difficulty distinguishing between certain colors. It is most often inherited and affects more men than women. While the condition doesn’t cause complete blindness, it can make it challenging to identify specific colors.
Common Symptoms:
● Difficulty distinguishing between red and green or blue and yellow.
● Trouble seeing the difference between certain shades of the same color.
● Colors may appear dull or washed out.
Management:
There are no cures for color blindness, but certain aids like special glasses and contact
lenses or color-identifying apps can help.
If you suspect you have color blindness or are having trouble distinguishing colors, talk to an eye care professional for testing and support.
